{"id":13097,"date":"2025-03-28T16:42:30","date_gmt":"2025-03-28T16:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/?p=13097"},"modified":"2025-05-02T10:55:18","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T09:55:18","slug":"the-hybrid-brain-the-future-of-brain-computer-interfaces","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/2025\/03\/28\/the-hybrid-brain-the-future-of-brain-computer-interfaces\/","title":{"rendered":"The Hybrid Brain: the future of Brain-Computer Interfaces"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"940\" height=\"529\" src=\"http:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/image-32.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/image-32.png 940w, https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/image-32-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/image-32-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/Recording-7.mp3\"><\/audio><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Audio transcript.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>I found the workshop on sensors fascinating, especially the discussion on brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and their potential uses. While researching I discovered Elon Musk\u2019s latest groundbreaking project: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/neuralink.com\/\">Neuralink<\/a>.<\/strong> Neuralink was founded in 2016 by Musk with a clear goal: to create brain-machine interfaces enabling humans to directly control computers and other devices. Musk has stated further aims to cure neurological damage, treat mental health disorders and integrate humans with AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>How does it work?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neuralink\u2019s N1 device revolutionizes BCI&#8217;s with 1,024 implantable electrodes, Bluetooth connectivity and a rechargeable battery. The Link intercepts electrical signals, controlling actions and thoughts in the brain, which scientists decode. The calibrated implant enables device control, like moving a cursor, simply by thinking about it. However, a major challenge is that weak signals are easily corrupted and artifacts from other signals are detected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"445\" src=\"http:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/image-34.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/image-34.png 819w, https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/image-34-300x163.png 300w, https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/image-34-768x417.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Structure of the N1 Implant <a href=\"https:\/\/neuralink.com\/blog\/prime-study-progress-update\/\">PRIME Study Progress Update | Blog | Neuralink<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:800\"><strong>Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neuralink began human trials in January 2024, with three participants who have paralysis. This has shown promising results, allowing them to deliver lectures, play video games for 72 hours, and design hardware for their family business \u2014 all through <a href=\"https:\/\/neuralink.com\/blog\/a-year-of-telepathy\/\">telepathy<\/a>. I found these breakthroughs heartwarming as it offers new hope for those unable to use their limbs. While researching these trials, I found Neuralink provided surprisingly little information. Bioethicists have warned this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehastingscenter.org\/the-neuralink-patient-behind-the-musk\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.thehastingscenter.org\/the-neuralink-patient-behind-the-musk\/\">\u2018Science by press release,\u2026, is not science&#8217;<\/a>. I think that Neuralink\u2019s lack of transparency is troubling as it prevents other researchers building on these findings to improving patient care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Shape the Future of Assistive Technology with Neuralink\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/25DgJNGwC0g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">How the Link has helped Noland (the first recipient).<br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As BCI technologies develop the privacy of our most confidential data- our thoughts, can be captured by these machines. This worries me, because current <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jlb\/article\/7\/1\/lsaa051\/5864051\">GDPR laws<\/a> do not include neural data and the consent for this data may not be in the patient\u2019s best interest. Trial patients may feel pressured to lose their data privacy in exchange for access to more freedom. Furthermore, this data is likely to become a huge target for hackers who could expose not only your passwords, but your thoughts too.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>David Gibbs\u2019 lecture on implants highlighted the balance between revolutionary devices and potential harm, much of which we may not realise until many people have the implant. This made me think more about the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1556349913601618#:~:text=The%20four%20principles%20that%20form%20the%20core%20of,bioethics%20discussion%20include%20autonomy%2C%20beneficence%2C%20nonmaleficence%20and%20justice.\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1556349913601618#:~:text=The%20four%20principles%20that%20form%20the%20core%20of,bioethics%20discussion%20include%20autonomy%2C%20beneficence%2C%20nonmaleficence%20and%20justice.\">key principles of medical ethics<\/a>, especially how to balance between beneficence and maleficence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"598\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/BCI-Autonomy-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13148\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/BCI-Autonomy-1.png 598w, https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/BCI-Autonomy-1-300x107.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"214\" src=\"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/BCI-Beneficence-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13149\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/BCI-Beneficence-1.png 600w, https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/BCI-Beneficence-1-300x107.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"598\" height=\"212\" src=\"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/BCI-Non-Maleficence.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13152\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/BCI-Non-Maleficence.png 598w, https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/BCI-Non-Maleficence-300x106.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"599\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/BCI-Justice.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13150\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/BCI-Justice.png 599w, https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/BCI-Justice-300x113.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Since Neuralink is innovating across multiple countries with no existing laws, global regulators should address ethical and legal concerns, especially around data security, access, and cognitive enhancements<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>The Future<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:43% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"405\" height=\"720\" src=\"http:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/image-36-edited.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12293 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/image-36-edited.png 405w, https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/image-36-edited-169x300.png 169w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>&#8220;A Neuralink-like device has the potential to enhance human memory, processing speed and cognitive abilities by creating a direct interface between the human brain and digital devices,\u201d <\/em>-Alcaide CEO of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurable.com\/\">Neaurable<\/a>. Others have envisioned the ability to download languages into your brain like skills in the Matrix. However, this may produce new inequalities in developing skills with money as the standard. These cognitive enhancements raise some fundamental issues regarding identity and autonomy. If radical changes are made to our brains will individuals retain their identity? And if someone changes their mind can the device be removed?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>If these technologies are to be implemented into our everyday lives, all these questions and many more need to be addressed to calm public anxiety. &nbsp;I personally feel Neuralink\u2019s N1 is an incredible technology able to transform people\u2019s lives, but I have concerns for the future, with who has the power, and if necessary can they be stopped?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:29px\">I would like to hear from you reader: If you could have a N1 implant that improved your brain function, would you? and why?<\/p>\n\n\n<nav class=\"is-responsive wp-block-navigation is-layout-flex wp-block-navigation-is-layout-flex\" \n\t\t data-wp-interactive=\"core\/navigation\" 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title=\"\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Blogging tips<\/span><\/a><button data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isMenuOpen\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.toggleMenuOnClick\" aria-label=\"Blogging tips submenu\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-icon wp-block-navigation-submenu__toggle\" ><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M1.50002 4L6.00002 8L10.5 4\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><ul data-wp-on-async--focus=\"actions.openMenuOnFocus\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__submenu-container  menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page wp-block-navigation-submenu\"><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item  menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2024\/blogging-tips\/using-wordpress\/\" title=\"\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Using WordPress<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/nav>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><em>&#8220;A Neuralink-like device has the potential to enhance human memory, processing speed and cognitive abilities by creating a direct interface between the human brain and digital devices,\u201d <\/em>-Alcaide CEO of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurable.com\/\">Neaurable<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6870,"featured_media":12283,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-assessed-item-1","category-assessed-item-2"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/529\/2025\/03\/image-32.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6870"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13097"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13097\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13333,"href":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13097\/revisions\/13333"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/uosm2031-2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}