{"id":2610,"date":"2018-11-05T09:00:44","date_gmt":"2018-11-05T09:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/deccma\/?p=2610"},"modified":"2018-11-03T09:42:00","modified_gmt":"2018-11-03T09:42:00","slug":"exploring-the-impact-of-out-migration-and-how-it-impacts-womens-ability-to-adapt-to-weather-hazards-key-insights-from-the-indian-bengal-delta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/deccma\/2018\/11\/05\/exploring-the-impact-of-out-migration-and-how-it-impacts-womens-ability-to-adapt-to-weather-hazards-key-insights-from-the-indian-bengal-delta\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploring the impact of out-migration and how it impacts women\u2019s ability to adapt to weather hazards: key insights from the Indian Bengal Delta"},"content":{"rendered":"

by Lindsay Jane Sian Roberts<\/em><\/p>\n

The vulnerability of delta environments is increasingly recognised, with a multitude of stressors threatening the lives of communities and re-shaping livelihood decisions. As a vulnerable and marginalised group, women experience this the most acutely.<\/p>\n

Migration is recognised as one of three sustainable livelihood strategies, alongside livelihood diversification and agricultural intensification. Within the Indian Bengal delta, men are most likely to migrate with women often left behind to look after the household and livelihoods. There is limited research exploring the impacts of out-migration and the adaptive strategies women undertake. To gain further insight into out-migration and add to my analysis of the DECCMA household survey data, I undertook interviews for my Masters dissertation in the villages of Dulki and Sonagar (the dissertation is available here<\/a>).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Migration impacts depend on circumstances<\/b><\/p>\n

The impacts of out-migration depend on the reason and type of the migration – for example whether it was involuntary or voluntary, or permanent or seasonal.\u00a0 The extent to which women are affected by out-migration depends on their social support networks at home.\u00a0 For those women with supportive friends, relatives and neighbours, this can counteract the increased loneliness and isolation that results from losing the daily presence of a family member.<\/p>\n

show more<\/p>

<\/p>\n

Remittances are an important enabler of proactive adaptive strategies<\/strong><\/p>\n

Remittances play an important role in supporting women when a household member migrates. When remittances are received, they can enable women to employ proactive adaptive strategies to reduce risks of climate change.\u00a0 Such strategies can include stopping working outside the home and increasing social interaction. However, not all households receive remittances.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Empowerment and Decision-Making<\/strong><\/p>\n

Women often become the de facto<\/em> household head during out-migration, and in turn they assume responsibility for decisions that might otherwise be made by their husbands. Findings show that decision making powers are often transferred to the women when men migrate, which had implications for the adaptive strategies they undertake. Participation in self-help groups is an example of a strategy that empowers women to make choices that affect their lives and, in turn the adaptive strategies they undertake.<\/p>\n

Overcoming Fieldwork Challenges<\/strong><\/p>\n

Together with my fellow University of Southampton students, I experienced several challenges during fieldwork from weather to undertaking research. These challenges were all overcome with preparation and assistance from the Jadavpur University team. I became close friends with my research assistant translator, who aided my research extensively. She was not only responsive and considerate during interviews, allowing me and the interviewee to engage across two languages, but we had insightful talks about the gender representation within England and India, helping me gain further context for my research. As well as the team, all the delta women were extremely welcoming, inviting and accommodating, which allowed me to conduct 17 interviews during my time in the delta.<\/p>\n

show less<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

by Lindsay Jane Sian Roberts The vulnerability of delta environments is increasingly recognised, with a multitude of stressors threatening the lives of communities and re-shaping livelihood decisions. As a vulnerable and marginalised group, women experience this the most acutely. Migration is recognised as one of three sustainable livelihood strategies, alongside livelihood diversification and agricultural intensification. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2570,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[17,35,3],"tags":[70,148,63,59,66,144,104],"class_list":["post-2610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-delta","category-gbm-india","category-student-reporting","tag-adaptation","tag-fieldwork","tag-gender","tag-indian-bengal-delta","tag-migration","tag-qualitative-research","tag-women"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8jyTh-G6","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":302,"url":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/deccma\/2017\/01\/04\/indian-bengal-delta-state-level-stakeholder-workshop-2nd-round\/","url_meta":{"origin":2610,"position":0},"title":"Indian Bengal Delta State Level Stakeholder Workshop 2nd Round","author":"Lucy Graves","date":"4th January 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The second State level Stakeholders\u2019 Workshop in Indian Bengal Delta (IBD) was organized with active support from Department of Environment, Government of West Bengal on 10th November, 2016 in Kolkata. 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New video clip of recent fieldwork","author":"katharinevincent","date":"6th August 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"In June 2018 a group of students from the University of Southampton and the DECCMA India team visited Dulki, a village within the Indian Bengal delta, to investigate migration and adaptation and their opportunities and challenges. 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Attended by 15 men and 10 women, the discussion was conducted\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Delta"","block_context":{"text":"Delta","link":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/deccma\/category\/delta\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Ladies discussing","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/deccma\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/181\/2017\/03\/initial-picture-of-migration-and-adaptation-300x182.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2343,"url":"https:\/\/generic.wordpress.soton.ac.uk\/deccma\/2018\/07\/09\/new-insights-on-climate-change-migration-and-adaptation-in-the-mahanadi-and-indian-bengal-deltas\/","url_meta":{"origin":2610,"position":5},"title":"New insights on climate change, migration and adaptation in the Mahanadi and Indian Bengal deltas","author":"katharinevincent","date":"9th July 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"by Sumana Banerjee DECCMA has released two new briefs that outline the latest findings on climate change, migration and adaptation in the Mahanadi and Indian Bengal deltas. 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